Mike Huntly Presentation: 2002 SAE Govt/industry meeting SLIDE 1: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No 213 Child Restraint Systems SLIDE 2: WHAT DID CONGRESS SAY? Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation (TREAD) Act, says in part: Section 14 (a) not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, initiate rulemaking to improve the safety of child restraints SLIDE 3: ELEMENTS FOR CONSIDERATION - use of Dynamic tests to: * replicate side- and rear-impact crashes * reflect the design of the current fleet of passenger motor vehicles - Use of anthropomorphic test devices: * new Hybrid III dummies * represent a greater range of children, including a 10-year-old - Apply scaled injury criteria performance levels of adults, including neck injury - raise the upper weight limit of the standard from 50 to 80 pounds - improve protection from head injuries in side- and rear-impact crashes SLIDE 4: WHAT DID NHTSA DO? - crash data analysis (FARS, NASS, and University of Pennsylvania CHOP) - sled testing program - measurements of vehicle compartment seat & belt geometry & stiffness - analysis of measurements of seats and vehicle crash dynamics (pulses) SLIDE 5: Crash data analysis SLIDE 6: CRASH DATA ANALYSIS Child Passenger Safety - 1999 FARS (bar chart) SLIDE 7: CRASH DATA ANALYSIS 1991-1999 FARS Children Ages 0-8 years fatalities by impact zone Frontal: 3393 (51%) Side: 2669 (40%) Rear: 623 ( 9%) SLIDE 8: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE SLIDE 9: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE - In response to TREAD, NHTSA initiated a test program to assess seat parameters of production seats, working with: * Veridian Engineering (Veridian) * US Naval Air Warface Center, Aircraft Divistion at Patuxant River (PAX) - ANalysis of FMVSS No. 208 pulses - Survey of 41 interior measurements from vehicles that are representative of the current US vehicle fleet SLIDE 10: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE SEAT ASSEMBLY - SIDE VIEW SLIDE 11: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE SEAT ASSEMBLY - FRONTAL VIEW SLIDE 12: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE Combined crash pulse FMVSS 213 vs 208 - combined crash pulse SLIDE 13: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE passenger car crash pulse FMVSS 213 vs 208 - passenger car crash pulse SLIDE 14: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE SUV crash pulse FMVSS 213 vs 208 - SUV crash pulse SLIDE 15: DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE Light Truck crash pulse FMVSS 213 vs 208 - Light Truck crash pulse SLIDE 16: UPGRADE OF DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURE - PROPOSED CRASH PULSE CORRIDOR current vs. propsed FMVSS No.213 pulse Delta V = 29.5-30 mph SLIDE 17: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA - represent a grater range of children, including a 10-year-old - new Hybrid III dummies SLIDE 18: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Development of 10-year-old Dummy Hybrid III Height and Weight Comparison Standing Height (ft.in) - 5th Female: 4'11" - 10-year-old: 4' 5" - 6-year-old: 3' 9" Weight (lbs) - 5th Female: 108.0 - 10-year-old: 76.0 - 6-year-old: 51.6 SLIDE 19: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Development of 10-year-old Dummy the 10-year-old Hybrid III dummy first prototype SLIDE 20: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Development of 10-year-old Dummy Schedule Specifications & prototype development . . . . January-Sept 2001 Perform component and sled tests. . . . . . . . October 2001 - Feb 2002 Publish NPRM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fall 2002 Publish Final Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fall 2003 SLIDE : NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Weighted 6-year-old Dummy - developed a weighted 6-year-old dummy - increased weight from 51.6 to 62.0 pounds - for possible use to test child restraints for children weighing 50-65 pounds SLIDE 22: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Weighted 6-year-old Dummy Fig 1 - oblique frontal view of spine weights Fig 2 - location and shape of pelvis weight SLIDE 23: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA The HYBRID III FAMILY - CRABI 12-month - 3-year-old - 6-year-old - added features vs Hybrid II * neck loads * chest compression * additional load measurement SLIDE 24: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA DUMMY EQUIVALENCY EVALUATION: Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARV) SLIDE 25: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Head Injury Criterion ~ HIC SLIDE 26: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Nij In-Position Critical values FMVSS No 213 Proposed Nij values vs FMVSS No 208 SLIDE 27: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA Nij In-Position Critical values SLIDE 28: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA NHTSA Testing Purposes - Establish the equivalency of child dummies * CRABI-12 vs. Hybrid II 9-month-old infant * Hybrid III vs Hybrid II 3-year-old * Hybrid III vs Hybrid II 6-year-old - Determine Hybrid III dummy performance levels with child restraint systems - repeatability and reproducibility validation SLIDE 29: NEW ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES AND INJURY CRITERIA FMVSS No.213 Sled Frontal Tests TEST TYPE - DUMMY TYPE USED Rear facing 5pt belt - Hybrid III CRABI-12 tether 5 pt belt - Hybrid III CRABI-12 - Hybrid II 9-month-old - Hybrid III 3-year-old - Hybrid II 3-year-old no tether - 5 pt belt - Hybrid III 3-year-old - Hybrid II 3-year-old LATCH - 5pt belt - Hybrid III 3-year-old - Hybrid II 3-year-old booster w/ lap/shoulder belt - Hybrid III 6-year-old - Hybrid II 6-year-old SLIDE 30: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION SLIDE 31: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION - 1991-1999 FARS Child in Child Restraint System Fatalities by Vehicle SEating Position Near side: 385 (65%) Middle: 83 (14%) Far Side: 125 (21%) SLIDE 32: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION PREVIOUS REGULATORY ACTIVITIES - Requirements proposed to specify a minimum level of performance for child restraints in dynamic side impact would be first in the world - on March 1, 1974, agency proposed * 20 mph lateral impact (90-degree) dynamic test * limits head motion to 10 inches in each lateral direction * no loss of structural integrity - Agency withdrew 1974 proposal * only tethered restraints satisfy requirements * tethers not widely used at the time * high cost implications SLIDE 33: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION TESTING OF EUROPEAN CHILD RESTRAINTS - Dynamic sled test of European and US manufactured child restraints * passenger compartment Grand Am test buck * 90-degree lateral impact * 15 and 21 mph * 3-year-old Hybrid III dummies in outboard seating positions - No difference in head containment between European and US child restraints SLIDE 34: SIE IMPACT PROTECTION US vs. EUROPEAN CRS fig 1- U.S. child restraint system Century (meets FMVSS 213) fig 2- European child restraint system Britax (meets ECE regulation 44) SLIDE 35: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION Grand Am Test Buck - side view SLIDE 36: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION U.S. child restraint system SLIDE 37: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION European child restraint system SLIDE 38: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION ADDITIONAL SIDE IMPACT TESTING - Dynamic sled test testing - summer 2001 * 20 mph (same as New South Wales Consumer Ratings program and NHTSA 1974 proposal) * 45- and 90-degree impact orientations - LATCH seats - Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy SLIDE 39: SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION - SIDE IMPACT TEST WITH WALL SLIDES 40-41: proposed revisions to FMVSS No. 213 - Child restraint systems SUMMARY - Use of dynamic tests: revision of FMVSS No.213 standard seat assembly and crash pulse to more accurately reflect the design of current passenger motor vehicles - Use of anthropomorphic test devices incorporation of most technologically advanced anthropomorphic test devices available, to include 12-month-old CRABI and Hybrid III 3- and 6-year-old dummies - Apply Scaled Injury Criteria performance levels of adults (including Nij) adoption of scaled injury criteria performance levels similar to FMVSS No.208 to include neck and chest deflection parameters - Raise the upper weight limit of the standard from 50 to 80 pounds * upper weight limit of FMVSS No.213's applicability raised from 50 to 65 pounds * adoption of weighted 6-year-old dummy as a short-term, interim approach for testing child restraints certified for use by children weighing more than 50 pounds - Improve side and rear head protection * ANPRM issued to seek input on possible development of a dynamic side impact test for FMVSS No.213 * near-side creash scenario requires long-term effort